Judge governance

An LLM judge grades groundedness across chat, agents, evals, and drift scans — so a judge that quietly drifts corrupts every quality signal downstream of it. Judge governance treats the judge as a measured instrument: it is calibrated against a human-labeled gold set, scored on agreement, false-positive, and false-negative rates, and only ever swapped through a shadow cutover that proves the new judge is better before it goes live.

The calibration gold set

The gold set is a curated collection of cases with human ground-truth labels— grounded vs. ungrounded claims, correct vs. incorrect verdicts — that represents what "right" means for this workspace. It is the fixed reference every judge is measured against. Because it is human-labeled and stable, it turns "is the judge good?" from an opinion into a measurement.

Agreement, FPR & FNR

Running a judge over the gold set and comparing to the human labels yields the metrics stored in judge_calibration:

• Agreement— how often the judge's verdict matches the human label. The headline number, but not the whole story.
• False-positive rate (FPR) — how often the judge calls something grounded that humans marked ungrounded. High FPR means the judge rubber-stamps hallucinations — the dangerous failure.
• False-negative rate (FNR) — how often the judge flags a claim that was actually grounded. High FNR means noise: it erodes trust and buries real regressions under false alarms.

FPR and FNR trade off, and the right balance is a policy choice. For a client-facing groundedness gate you usually weight low FPR most — never vouch for an unsupported claim — while tolerating some FNR. Reporting all three keeps that trade-off explicit instead of hidden inside a single accuracy number.

Shadow-judge cutover

You never swap the live judge blind. A candidate judge — a new model, a new prompt — first runs in shadow: it grades real traffic and the gold set with results recorded to judge_runs, but with no live effect. Its metrics are compared against the current baseline, and it is promoted only if it clears the thresholds and beats the incumbent.

This makes a judge change a measured migration, not a leap of faith. If the candidate regresses on FPR, it stays in shadow and the baseline keeps serving — the live quality signal never degrades because someone tried a new prompt.

Baseline resets

When a candidate is promoted, the baseline resets to the new judge: subsequent calibration and drift comparisons measure against the new incumbent, so improvement is always relative to what is actually running. A baseline reset is a deliberate, recorded event — you can see when the judge changed and how the metrics moved across the cutover, which keeps drift-scan history honest across judge generations.

{
  "judge": "candidate:groundedness-v3",
  "goldSetSize": 240,
  "agreement": 0.94,
  "fpr": 0.03,
  "fnr": 0.11,
  "baseline": "groundedness-v2",
  "mode": "shadow",
  "decision": "promote"
}

Related

• Evals & drift — where the judge grades golden sets.
• Retrieval & grounded chat — the groundedness badge this judge produces.